Part 1 · 第一部分
What is Zakat al-Fitrah? 什么是开斋天课？
Zakat al-Fitrah is a special type of charity that every Muslim must give at the end of the month of Ramadan.
天课天赋是每位穆斯林必须在斋月结束时缴纳的一种特殊慈善。
Tiānkè tiānfù shì měi wèi mùsīlín bìxū zài zhāiyuè jiéshù shí jiǎonà de yī zhǒng tèshū císhàn.
The word Fitrah (فطرة) means "natural state" or "the breaking of the fast". It reminds us to help others even during celebrations.
"Fitrah"这个词的意思是"自然本性"或"开斋"。它提醒我们，即使在庆祝时也要帮助他人。
"Fitrah" zhège cí de yìsi shì "zìrán běnxìng" huò "kāizhāi". Tā tíxǐng wǒmen, jíshǐ zài qìngzhù shí yě yào bāngzhù tārén.
It was made obligatory (wajib) by the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ in the second year of Hijrah, the same year fasting in Ramadan was ordained.
先知穆罕默德ﷺ在伊斯兰历第二年规定了它为义务，与规定斋月封斋是同一年。
Xiānzhī Mùhǎnmòdéﷺ zài yīsīlán lì dì èr nián guīdìng le tā wéi yìwù, yǔ guīdìng zhāiyuè fēngzhāi shì tóng yī nián.
Zakat al-Mal vs Zakat al-Fitrah
| Feature 项目 | Zakat al-Mal 财富天课 |
Zakat al-Fitrah 开斋天课 |
|---|---|---|
| Meaning 含义hányì | Charity on wealth / savings 财富/储蓄上的天课 |
Charity for breaking fast (Eid) 开斋节的天课 |
| When 时间shíjiān | Any time after holding wealth for one Hijri year 持有一年后可缴 |
End of Ramadan / before Eid prayer 斋月末/开斋节礼拜前 |
| Who pays 谁缴shuí jiǎo | Muslims who own nisab (minimum wealth) 拥有最低财富的穆斯林 |
Every Muslim (family head pays for all) 每位穆斯林（家长代缴） |
Part 2 · 第二部分
Who Needs to Pay? 谁必须缴纳？
Zakat al-Fitrah is Fardhu 'Ain — an individual obligation. Every capable Muslim must pay it personally or through the head of the family.
开斋天课是"个人义务"（Fardhu 'Ain），每位有能力的穆斯林都必须缴纳，可以由家长代缴。
Kāizhāi tiānkè shì "gèrén yìwù" (Fardhu 'Ain), měi wèi yǒu nénglì de mùsīlín dōu bìxū jiǎonà, kěyǐ yóu jiāzhǎng dàijiǎo.
A Muslim must pay Zakat al-Fitrah if they: (1) are Muslim, (2) are alive at the end of Ramadan, and (3) have enough food for themselves and family on Eid day.
必须缴纳开斋天课的条件：(1) 是穆斯林，(2) 在斋月结束时仍然在世，(3) 在开斋节当天有足够的食物供自己和家人食用。
Bìxū jiǎonà kāizhāi tiānkè de tiáojiàn: (1) shì mùsīlín, (2) zài zhāiyuè jiéshù shí réngrán zàishì, (3) zài kāizhāi jié dāngtiān yǒu zúgòu shíwù gōng zìjǐ hé jiārén shíyòng.
💡 Example / 例子:
Even a baby born before sunset on the last day of Ramadan must have Zakat al-Fitrah paid for them by their parents. 即使是在斋月最后一天日落前出生的婴儿，其父母也必须为他们缴纳开斋天课。
Even a baby born before sunset on the last day of Ramadan must have Zakat al-Fitrah paid for them by their parents. 即使是在斋月最后一天日落前出生的婴儿，其父母也必须为他们缴纳开斋天课。
Part 3 · 第三部分
When Can We Pay? 何时可以缴？
Time Categories 缴纳时间类别
There are several time categories for paying Zakat al-Fitrah. The best time is before the Eid prayer on the morning of Eid al-Fitr.
缴纳开斋天课有几个时间类别。最佳时间是在开斋节早上的节礼拜前。
Jiǎonà kāizhāi tiānkè yǒu jǐ gè shíjiān lèibié. Zuì jiā shíjiān shì zài kāizhāi jié zǎoshang de jié lǐbài qián.
-
1Permitted (Harus) — From the 1st of Ramadan until the end of Ramadan.
允许时间：从斋月第一天到斋月结束。 -
2Obligatory (Wajib) — When the sun sets on the last day of Ramadan.
义务时间：斋月最后一天日落时。 -
3Best Time (Sunat / Afdal) — Morning of Eid al-Fitr after sunrise, before the Eid prayer.
最优时间：开斋节早晨，从日出后到节礼拜前。 -
4Makruh (Disliked) — After the Eid prayer but before sunset on the first day of Shawwal.
可憎：在开斋节礼拜之后，到肖瓦尔月初一日落之前。 -
5Haram (Forbidden) — After sunset on the first day of Shawwal (becomes a debt you must repay).
禁止：在肖瓦尔月初一日落之后，此时才缴属于拖欠，变成必须补缴的“欠债”。
Part 4 · 第四部分
How Do We Pay? 如何缴纳？
The amount of Zakat al-Fitrah is one sa' of food — about 2.5–3 kg of the staple food in your area.
开斋天课的数量是一个"萨"（Sa'）的食物，大约等于当地主食2.5至3公斤。
Kāizhāi tiānkè de shùliàng shì yīgè "sà" (Sa') de shíwù, dàyuē děngyú dāngdì zhǔshí 2.5 zhì 3 gōngjīn.
In Malaysia, the staple food is rice, so each person must pay about 2.7 kg of rice or its cash equivalent as decided by the state Islamic council.
在马来西亚，主食是大米，因此每人必须缴纳约2.7公斤大米，或由州宗教理事会规定的等值现金。
Zài mǎláixīyà, zhǔshí shì dàmǐ, yīncǐ měi rén bìxū jiǎonà yuē 2.7 gōngjīn dàmǐ, huò zhōu zōngjiào lǐshìhuì guīdìng de děngzhí xiànjīn.
Today, many Islamic authorities allow payment in money (cash) instead of food, to make it easier and more useful for the poor.
如今，许多伊斯兰当局允许用现金代替食物缴纳，以便为穷人提供更方便、更实用的帮助。
Rújīn, xǔduō yīsīlán dāngjú yǔnxǔ yòng xiànjīn dàitì shíwù jiǎonà, yǐbiàn wèi qióngrén tígōng gèng fāngbiàn gèng shíyòng de bāngzhù.
Who receives it?
Zakat al-Fitrah is given to the Asnaf — 8 groups of people who can receive zakat, especially the poor (Fakir & Miskin) so they can celebrate Eid with dignity.
开斋天课给"Asnaf"——有资格接受天课的八类人，特别是"Fakir"和"Miskin"，使他们也能有尊严地庆祝开斋节。
Kāizhāi tiānkè gěi "Asnaf" — yǒu zīgé jiēshòu tiānkè de bā lèi rén, tèbié shì "Fakir" hé "Miskin", shǐ tāmen yě néng yǒu zūnyán de qìngzhù kāizhāi jié.
Part 5 · 第五部分
Why Do We Pay? 为什么要缴？
Zakat al-Fitrah purifies our fasting from small mistakes like bad words or wasting time.
开斋天课可以净化我们的斋戒，弥补我们在斋月中犯下的小错误，比如说坏话或浪费时间。
Kāizhāi tiānkè kěyǐ jìnghuà wǒmen de zhāijiè, míbǔ wǒmen zài zhāiyuè zhōng fàn xià de xiǎo cuòwù, bǐrú shuō huàihuà huò làngfèi shíjiān.
It also helps the poor enjoy Eid so that they do not need to beg on that day.
它还可以帮助穷人，让他们在开斋节这一天也能有食物，不必向人乞讨。
Tā hái kěyǐ bāngzhù qióngrén, ràng tāmen zài kāizhāi jié zhè yītiān yě néng yǒu shíwù, bùbì xiàng rén qǐtǎo.
🌙 Wisdom:
The aim is that every Muslim can feel joy, food, and dignity on Eid — not only the rich. 目标是让每一位穆斯林在开斋节都能感受到快乐、食物和尊严，而不只是富人。
The aim is that every Muslim can feel joy, food, and dignity on Eid — not only the rich. 目标是让每一位穆斯林在开斋节都能感受到快乐、食物和尊严，而不只是富人。
Part 6 · 第六部分
Quick Quiz 小测验
Click your answer. 点击你的答案看看是否正确！
1. Who must pay Zakat al-Fitrah?
2. What is the BEST time to pay Zakat al-Fitrah?
3. Approximately how much is one Sa’ of food?